[53] The run-of-mine system means payment by weight of the coal as
brought out of the mine including minute pieces and impurities.
[54] The check-off system refers to collection of union dues. It means
that the employer agrees to deduct from the wage of each miner the
amount of his union dues, thus constituting himself the union's
financial agent.
[55] In that district the check-off was granted in 1902.
[56] Hitchman Coal and Coke Company _v._ Mitchell, 245 U.S. 232.
[57] See below, 175-177.
[58] The actual membership of the union is considerably above these
figures, since they are based upon the dues-paying membership, and
miners out on strike are exempted from the payment of all dues. The
number of miners who always act with the union is much larger still.
Even in non-union fields the United Mine Workers have always been
successful in getting thousands of miners to obey their order to strike.
[59] See Webb, _History of Trade Unionism_, p. 205 ff.
[60] This was demonstrated in the bitterly fought strike on the Chicago,
Burlington and Quincy Railroad in 1888. (See above, 130-131.
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